Group aftereffects of diverse migration actions reviewed in good metapopulation out of tundra swans
Migration was a favorite facet of the lifetime reputation of of several avian types, but the group outcomes of changeable migration methods just have infrequently already been investigated, and you may rarely while using the modern technological and you may logical tricks for assessing success, way habits, and you may a lot of time-term output in the context of existence records principle. We tracked the brand new fates regarding fifty satellite-inserted tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) more 4 age off five disparate reproduction portion in the Alaska, and you may used identified-future analyses in order to estimate month-to-month success probability prior to migration length, breeding urban area, migratory flyway, breeding status, and you may years. We especially examined whether migratory wild birds deal with a swap-out of, which much time-point migrants read higher proceed the link right now survival rates at the expense of all the way down output on account of reduced time towards the reproduction components relative to birds one to move faster ranges and you may save money big date on the breeding portion. More